Pertussis (Whooping Cough)
What is it?
Pertussis (whooping cough) is a highly contagious respiratory infection caused by bacteria. It begins with cold-like symptoms and progresses to severe coughing fits that may include a “whoop” sound, vomiting, or difficulty breathing. It can last several weeks. Infants too young for vaccination are at greatest risk for life-threatening cases of pertussis.
How is it spread?
The bacteria that cause whooping cough spread easily from person to person through the air. When a person with whooping cough sneezes or coughs, they release small particles with the bacteria in them. Other people can then breathe in the bacteria.
These bacteria can spread when people spend a lot of time together or share breathing space.
When is it contagious?
People can spread the bacteria from the start of symptoms and for at least 2 weeks after coughing begins.
Taking antibiotics early in the illness may shorten the amount of time someone is infectious.
How is it diagnosed and treated?
Diagnosis is based on symptoms and may include a swab test from the nose or throat. Treatment includes antibiotics. Early treatment can help reduce the spread and severity. Close contacts may also receive antibiotics as prevention.
Should the child stay home?
Yes. Children with pertussis should stay home until they have completed at least 5 full days of antibiotic treatment and are well enough to participate in school activities.
How can we limit the spread?
- Stay up to date on pertussis vaccination (DTaP/Tdap)
- Cover coughs and sneezes
- Wash hands frequently
- Avoid sharing food, drinks, and utensils
- Keep sick children home
- Improve ventilation and allow outdoor play when possible